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Bio­phar­ma's suc­cess rate in bring­ing drugs to mar­ket has long been abysmal. Can new tools help rewrite that trou­bled past?

In 2011, a team of re­searchers at British drug­mak­er As­traZeneca had a prob­lem they were look­ing to solve.

For years, drug dis­cov­ery and de­vel­op­ment were a waste­land for in­no­va­tion. Nov­el drugs large­ly fell in­to one of two cat­e­gories — mon­o­clon­al an­ti­bod­ies and small mol­e­cules — and new ther­a­peu­tic modal­i­ties were hard to come by. Af­ter a rush of promis­ing ap­provals in the late 1990s — in­clud­ing then-Bio­gen’s CD20 tar­get­ing an­ti­body break­through Rit­ux­an — the field stag­nat­ed and at­tri­tion rates stayed sky-high. What ex­act­ly is the in­dus­try do­ing wrong? As­traZeneca asked it­self.

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