When Mike Nal­ly was an un­der­grad at Mid­dle­bury Col­lege in Ver­mont, he thought in­vest­ment bank­ing and fi­nance was his “path to sal­va­tion.”

He grad­u­at­ed in 1998 with his bach­e­lor’s in eco­nom­ics, then took a job at Don­ald­son, Lufkin & Jen­rette, an in­vest­ment bank lat­er bought by Cred­it Su­isse. He was tasked with do­ing re­search and analy­sis in the life sci­ences in­dus­try, but what he found sur­prised him.

Mike Nal­ly

“That re­al­ly fu­eled a pas­sion for the sci­ence, a pas­sion for the abil­i­ty to pos­i­tive­ly im­pact hu­man­i­ty, but al­so this ori­en­ta­tion to­ward a sense of pur­pose with­in my work,” Nal­ly said.

He went on to Har­vard Uni­ver­si­ty for his MBA, then spent 18 years in the ranks at Mer­ck, end­ing up as chief mar­ket­ing of­fi­cer of the phar­ma’s Hu­man Health unit. And now, amid a C-suite shake­up, Nal­ly is once again pack­ing his bags for Cam­bridge, MA, where he’ll be­come Flag­ship Pi­o­neer­ing’s lat­est CEO-part­ner just miles from his al­ma mater.

“We’re ex­cit­ed to come back af­ter 18 years around the world,” he said. “It’s a place that’s near and dear to our hearts.”

Ken Fra­zier

Nal­ly is tak­ing the helm at Gen­er­ate Bio­med­i­cines, an up­start lever­ag­ing ma­chine learn­ing and com­pu­ta­tion­al pow­er to learn the rules by which amino acid se­quences en­code for pro­tein struc­ture and func­tion. By do­ing so, Nal­ly be­lieves the 50-per­son team can gen­er­ate pro­teins that have “nev­er been seen on the plan­et be­fore.”

“We think the ap­proach has ap­plic­a­bil­i­ty across a range of modal­i­ties, whether that be an­ti­bod­ies, pep­tides, cy­tokines, and then more far-out places like mir­ror pro­tein cell and gene ther­a­py,” Nal­ly said. “There’s a wide range of ap­plic­a­bil­i­ty, and giv­en the in sil­i­co na­ture of dis­cov­ery, it al­lows you to dis­cov­er these pro­teins at a pace which is un­prece­dent­ed rel­a­tive to any­thing I’ve seen with­in in­dus­try.”

Nal­ly’s big move comes as Mer­ck’s chief ex­ec­u­tive Ken Fra­zier pre­pares to step down, and R&D MVP Roger Perl­mut­ter has hand­ed the reins over to Dean Li. Nal­ly, for­mer head of Mer­ck’s vac­cines busi­ness, was re­port­ed­ly in the run­ning to re­place Fra­zier, but the com­pa­ny in­stead went with CFO Robert Davis, a four-year Mer­ck vet­er­an.

While Nal­ly wouldn’t con­firm whether he was in con­sid­er­a­tion for the top spot, he says Davis’ ap­point­ment had noth­ing to do with his de­ci­sion to leave Mer­ck.

“I’m tremen­dous­ly ex­cit­ed about the op­por­tu­ni­ty at Flag­ship and with Gen­er­ate,” he said. “My move was not in re­sponse to any­thing oth­er than, you know, run­ning to­ward a great op­por­tu­ni­ty.” — Nicole De­Feud­is

Ju­lia Wang

→ Al­ready part­ner­ing with No­var­tis on tislelizum­ab, BeiGene had its eye on Boston Im­mune Tech­nolo­gies and Ther­a­peu­tics’ TN­FR2 an­tag­o­nist an­ti­bod­ies, with the two par­ties ar­rang­ing a de­vel­op­ment deal in Feb­ru­ary. With these col­lab­o­ra­tions in place, BeiGene has pro­mot­ed Ju­lia Wang to CFO, suc­ceed­ing the re­tir­ing Howard Liang, ef­fec­tive June 30. Wang came on board last year as SVP, en­ter­prise op­ti­miza­tion and deputy CFO for John Oyler’s folks. In her last stop at Alex­ion, she was SVP, glob­al busi­ness fi­nance and cor­po­rate plan­ning, and she al­so brings fi­nan­cial ex­pe­ri­ence from J&J and Pep­si­Co.

→ Ger­man CD­MO Rentschler Bio­phar­ma SE has plucked up Mar­tin Kessler as CEO of its US sub­sidiary Rentschler Bio­phar­ma Inc. Kessler comes from McK­in­sey & Com­pa­ny, where he com­plet­ed a 7-year stint as as­so­ciate part­ner. In ad­di­tion to the ti­tle of CEO, Kessler has been named SVP trans­for­ma­tion of Rentschler Bio­phar­ma SE.

Bri­an Alexan­der

→ It on­ly took three years for Bri­an Alexan­der to rise to the top of Roche sub­sidiary Foun­da­tion Med­i­cine, suc­ceed­ing Cindy Perettie as CEO of the ge­nom­ic pro­fil­ing com­pa­ny this com­ing Tues­day. Perettie, who be­came CEO in ear­ly 2019, an­nounced in Jan­u­ary that she would piv­ot to Roche Di­ag­nos­tics and take com­mand of the mol­e­c­u­lar lab so­lu­tions busi­ness. A ra­di­a­tion on­col­o­gist at Dana-Far­ber and Brigham and Women’s Hos­pi­tal, Alexan­der first ar­rived on the scene at Foun­da­tion Med­i­cine as SVP of clin­i­cal de­vel­op­ment in 2018 and was pro­mot­ed to CMO less than a year lat­er.

Car­olyn Star­rett

→ In an­oth­er Roche con­nec­tion, Flat­iron Health — which is an in­de­pen­dent af­fil­i­ate of the Roche Group — will be chang­ing CEOs, with Car­olyn Star­rett tak­ing over for co-founder Nat Turn­er start­ing April 16. On the same date, Flat­iron’s oth­er co-founder Zach Wein­berg, who was a Google staffer along with Turn­er, will al­so move on. Star­rett has led the com­mu­ni­ty on­col­o­gy busi­ness and got her start at Flat­iron in 2016 as VP, cus­tomer ex­pe­ri­ence and op­er­a­tions. Flat­iron was sold to Roche for $1.9 bil­lion back in Feb­ru­ary 2018.

→ Mak­ing its sec­ond sub­stan­tial hire in­volv­ing an Ab­b­Vie vet in as many weeks, No­var­tis has wooed Javier Boix from Rick Gon­za­lez’s crew to be­come glob­al head of com­mu­ni­ca­tions. Boix start­ed out at Ab­b­Vie be­fore the Ab­bott split in 2009 as a cor­po­rate and in­ter­nal com­mu­ni­ca­tions man­ag­er, work­ing his way up the lad­der to even­tu­al­ly lead the phar­ma gi­ant’s US com­mu­ni­ca­tions. Last week, No­var­tis ap­point­ed ex-Ab­b­Vie deputy gen­er­al coun­sel Karen Hale as chief le­gal of­fi­cer.

Pat­ty Allen

→ Vi­vid­ion now has Jeff Hat­field at the con­trols and $135 mil­lion to work with from a Se­ries C that in­clud­ed back­ing from an All-Star team of in­vestors. The next step this week is mak­ing Pat­ty Allen the per­ma­nent CFO af­ter two months with the in­ter­im tag. Allen’s most re­cent CFO gig was with Zaf­gen, and she’s been VP of fi­nance at Al­ny­lam as well as di­rec­tor of fi­nance at Alk­er­mes. In oth­er Vi­vid­ion news, Bri­an Koh has been giv­en the nod to lead trans­la­tion­al sci­ences and clin­i­cal de­vel­op­ment. Koh brings ex­pe­ri­ence from Gilead and Kite in clin­i­cal R&D in hema­tol­ogy and on­col­o­gy.

Bo Shan

→ The Cel­gene con­nec­tions at An­ten­gene have been fur­ther re­in­forced by re­cruit­ing Kevin Lynch as CMO. Lynch was VP and head of clin­i­cal de­vel­op­ment and med­ical af­fairs in the Asia-Pa­cif­ic ter­ri­to­ry for the lat­ter part of his tenure at Cel­gene, which struck a li­cens­ing deal in 2017 and helped con­tribute to the Chi­nese can­cer biotech’s fi­nanc­ing be­fore Bris­tol My­ers Squibb bought out the com­pa­ny. Else­where at An­ten­gene, Bo Shan has been pro­mot­ed to CSO af­ter his turn as a cor­po­rate VP with dis­cov­ery, ear­ly de­vel­op­ment, and CMC. Pri­or to his ar­rival at An­ten­gene in 2018, Shan was VP in charge of CMC at As­cle­tis.

→ Rene Rus­so-helmed Xilio, which lined up a $95 Se­ries C in Feb­ru­ary for its an­ti-CT­LA-4 an­ti­body and IL-2 ag­o­nist, has hand­ed CFO du­ties to Sal­va­tore Giovine and made Chris Franken­field gen­er­al coun­sel. Giovine wraps up a 15-year run at J&J, with the last three as Janssen’s fi­nance di­rec­tor in US on­col­o­gy in charge of such drugs as Darza­lex and Im­bru­vi­ca. Franken­field comes to Xilio af­ter near­ly six years at Blue­print Med­i­cines which saw him move up to VP, cor­po­rate le­gal af­fairs.

Christo­pher Wright

→ Aa­van­tiBio CEO Bo Cum­bo has been grad­u­al­ly as­sem­bling his team with Dou­glas Swirsky and Ty How­ton hit­ting the scene as CFO and COO, re­spec­tive­ly, in the last month. CMO and Ver­tex vet Christo­pher Wright is the lat­est piece in the lead­er­ship puz­zle at Aa­van­tiBio. Wright was pre­vi­ous­ly a CMO with Iron­wood spin­out Cy­cle­ri­on and the chief de­vel­op­ment of­fi­cer at Iron­wood, both of which have fall­en on hard times. At the tail end of his sev­en-year run with Ver­tex, he served as SVP, glob­al med­i­cines de­vel­op­ment and af­fairs.

→ Not long af­ter get­ting the FDA’s seal of ap­proval for Kimyr­sa in acute bac­te­r­i­al skin and skin struc­ture in­fec­tions (AB­SS­SI), Melin­ta Ther­a­peu­tics has tapped John Har­low as chief com­mer­cial of­fi­cer. Har­low has been around the block in the 20 years lead­ing up to the Melin­ta nod; he’s jumped around to biotechs like No­var­tis, Sh­iono­gi and En­do Phar­ma­ceu­ti­cals in var­i­ous sales and mar­ket­ing po­si­tions be­fore fi­nal­ly get­ting his first C-suite break in 2019 as CCO of Bau­dax Bio.

William Kennedy

→ San Fran­cis­co-based Ex­ci­sion Bio­Ther­a­peu­tics, which launched in Feb­ru­ary with $60 mil­lion in to­tal fund­ing — our Ja­son Mast pro­filed the CRISPR work of co-founder and chief sci­en­tif­ic con­sul­tant Kamel Khalili at the time — is bring­ing William Kennedy in­to the fold as SVP of clin­i­cal de­vel­op­ment, start­ing to­day. Kennedy, a Big Phar­ma vet whose cred­its in­clude Janssen, Genen­tech and Mer­ck, comes to Ex­ci­sion from Cal­ci­lytix, where he was VP, de­vel­op­ment. Else­where, he was VP of clin­i­cal de­vel­op­ment at Au­dentes.

Gre­go­ry Chow

→ Gre­go­ry Chow is tak­ing on an­oth­er CFO chal­lenge by head­ing to chemo­pro­teomics biotech Fron­tier Med­i­cines, which signed a pro­tein degra­da­tion deal with Ab­b­Vie for $55 mil­lion up­front in ear­ly De­cem­ber. Be­fore get­ting the call to join Chris Var­ma’s squad, Chow was EVP and CFO at Ap­tose Bio­sciences and al­so spent time at Wed­bush as man­ag­ing di­rec­tor and di­rec­tor of pri­vate place­ments.

→ Em­bold­ened by pos­i­tive da­ta from two Phase III tri­als of rof­lu­mi­last cream that would make an NDA a pos­si­bil­i­ty lat­er this year, Ar­cutis has filled three po­si­tions with Scott Bur­rows (CFO), Corey Padovano (VP of sales) and Sean Brug­ger (ex­ec­u­tive di­rec­tor of field med­ical af­fairs). Tak­ing over as CFO from John Smither, whose re­tire­ment is ef­fec­tive to­day, Bur­rows has been Ar­cutis’ VP of fi­nance since 2019 and held nu­mer­ous fi­nan­cial posts at Am­gen for 15 years be­fore a year with Shire lead­ing in­ter­na­tion­al in­vestor re­la­tions. Padovano had served at Gilead since 2013 and was the remde­sivir mak­er’s ex­ec­u­tive di­rec­tor, mar­ket­ing op­er­a­tions be­fore his new Ar­cutis gig. Brug­ger, an Am­gen vet in his own right, comes off al­most five years at Alex­ion and was re­cent­ly re­gion­al di­rec­tor of the meta­bol­ic dis­or­ders port­fo­lio.

Abi­gail Jenk­ins

→ Try­ing to put a lid on dai­ly pills, Wa­ter­town, MA-based Lyn­dra Ther­a­peu­tics has named Abi­gail Jenk­ins chief com­mer­cial and busi­ness of­fi­cer and Jacque­line Fer­nan­des VP of da­ta com­pli­ance and in­for­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy. Jenk­ins be­gan her ca­reer at Pfiz­er in sales and mar­ket­ing, and her most re­cent post was with Emer­gent BioSo­lu­tions as SVP and busi­ness unit head of vac­cines. A 13-year Sunovion vet, Fer­nan­des is the lat­est to jump ship from Sarep­ta, where she served as se­nior di­rec­tor of da­ta com­pli­ance and chief pri­va­cy of­fi­cer.

→ Lon­don eye dis­ease biotech OKYO Phar­ma has called up­on Ra­jku­mar Patil to be CSO. For the last year, Patil had been VP of R&D with Ora (Oph­thalmic Re­search As­so­ci­ates). While he was with Al­con and lat­er the No­var­tis In­sti­tute of Bio­med­ical Re­search, Patil took on such roles as as­so­ciate di­rec­tor of re­search and head of mol­e­c­u­lar phar­ma­col­o­gy glau­co­ma and reti­na re­search.

Den­nis Giesing

→ Penn­syl­va­nia biotech Im­munome, which scored a De­part­ment of De­fense con­tract to de­vel­op biosyn­thet­ic con­va­les­cent plas­ma, has en­list­ed Den­nis Giesing as chief de­vel­op­ment of­fi­cer. Pri­or to Im­munome, Giesing was the long­time CSO at Taris Bio­med­ical un­til J&J bought the com­pa­ny in late 2019, at which point he tran­si­tioned to J&J’s on­col­o­gy team.

→ Mon­tis Bio­sciences has re­cruit­ed René Hoet as CSO. Hoet most re­cent­ly served as CSO at Im­check Ther­a­peu­tics and was pre­vi­ous­ly VP bi­o­log­ics re­search at Bay­er for 8 years. Pri­or to that, he was at Gen­mab.

→ Dig­i­tal health com­pa­ny Genome Med­ical has brought on Mar­co Bar­cel­la as chief prod­uct of­fi­cer and Bran­don Poe as CFO. Bar­cel­la most re­cent­ly served at Tia­tros and IBM Wat­son Health. Mean­while, Poe comes from Il­lu­mi­na, where he served as VP of fi­nance.

Clau­dia Nar­di­ni

→ En­thera Phar­ma­ceu­ti­cals has ap­point­ed Clau­dia Nar­di­ni as VP of re­search and de­vel­op­ment. Nar­di­ni had been head of glob­al pu­rifi­ca­tion & virus clear­ance prod­uct man­age­ment at Sar­to­rius Ste­d­im Biotech GmbH, and be­fore that she served at Bay­er and Kedri­on Bio­phar­ma.

→ Janux Ther­a­peu­tics, the small biotech that Mer­ck inked a $1 bil­lion deal with — has named Charles Win­ter as SVP of chem­istry, man­u­fac­tur­ing, and con­trols. Win­ter brings to the ta­ble a wealth of ex­pe­ri­ence from com­pa­nies like Gilead, De­nali, Anap­tys­Bio and Syn­thorx (now a Sanofi com­pa­ny). Win­ter launched his ca­reer at Genen­tech, where he spent 17 years.

→ Evonetix has ap­point­ed Michael Daniels as head of prod­uct man­age­ment. Daniels brings ex­pe­ri­ence from his times at Ar­cis Biotech­nol­o­gy, Can­cer Re­search UK, Ther­mo Fish­er and GE Health­care Life Sci­ences.

Mace Rothen­berg

→ Mace Rothen­berg’s post-Pfiz­er plans con­tin­ue to evolve by tak­ing on an­oth­er board ap­point­ment, this time with Au­los Bio­science, a biotech con­cen­trat­ing on (IL-2)-bind­ing mon­o­clon­al an­ti­bod­ies that Michael Ehlers co-found­ed. Just a week ago, the ex-Pfiz­er CMO joined the board of di­rec­tors at Tan­go Ther­a­peu­tics.

→ Michael Var­ney has now made his way to the ad­vi­so­ry board of Phoenix Mol­e­c­u­lar De­signs, which fo­cus­es on RSK ki­nase in­hibitors to fight triple neg­a­tive breast can­cer. Life af­ter re­tire­ment at Genen­tech has been kind to Var­ney, who is cur­rent­ly chair­man of R&D at Eras­ca and is al­so a se­nior ad­vi­sor at Fra­zier Health­care Part­ners.

Julie Ham­ble­ton

→ Ex-Bris­tol My­ers Squibb and Five Prime ex­ec Julie Ham­ble­ton has se­cured a spot on the board of di­rec­tors at Jonathan Lim-led can­cer biotech Eras­ca, along with Bi­hua Chen. Ham­ble­ton, who was al­so in clin­i­cal de­vel­op­ment at Genen­tech, is Arch On­col­o­gy’s in­ter­im pres­i­dent and CEO. Chen, who co-found­ed Cor­morant As­set Man­age­ment, fol­lowed the SPAC herd last Oc­to­ber with He­lix Ac­qui­si­tion.

→ With the FDA sign­ing off last month on Kro­nos Bio’s Phase III tri­al of en­tosple­tinib — one of the drugs Nor­bert Bischof­berg­er plucked from Gilead — the biotech has made Taiyin Yang a mem­ber of the board of di­rec­tors. Yang is a 28-year Gilead vet who is cur­rent­ly EVP of phar­ma­ceu­ti­cal de­vel­op­ment and man­u­fac­tur­ing for Dan O’Day’s crew.

Nagesh Ma­han­thap­pa

→ De­but­ing in De­cem­ber with a $25 mil­lion round based on work from Har­vard’s David Liu and Alan Saghatelian, Exo Ther­a­peu­tics has elect­ed Nagesh Ma­han­thap­pa to the board of di­rec­tors. Ma­han­thap­pa, who found­ed and helmed Schol­ar Rock, is al­so a board mem­ber at Cas­ma Ther­a­peu­tics. Exo has al­so named Charles Roberts from St. Jude Chil­dren’s Re­search Hos­pi­tal to the sci­en­tif­ic ad­vi­so­ry board.

→ PYC Ther­a­peu­tics has se­lect­ed Ja­son Had­dock to be a part of its board of di­rec­tors. This isn’t Had­dock’s first board ap­point­ment, as he al­so cur­rent­ly sits on the board of Co­di­ak Bio­sciences. Pre­vi­ous­ly, Had­dock served as CFO of Ar­ray Bio­phar­ma, and pri­or to that, he was at Bris­tol My­ers Squibb and ArcherDX.

→ Tel Aviv, Is­rael-based Chemomab Ther­a­peu­tics has ex­pand­ed its board of di­rec­tors with four new ap­point­ments. The new hires are Alan Moses, Claude Nicaise, Joel Maryles and Neil Co­hen.

Claude Nicaise

Moses comes with a 14-year stint at No­vo Nordisk un­der his belt, where he served as SVP and glob­al chief med­ical of­fi­cer. Mean­while, Nicaise was SVP of strate­gic de­vel­op­ment and glob­al reg­u­la­to­ry af­fairs at Alex­ion af­ter a 21 year gig at Bris­tol My­ers Squibb.

Maryles hops aboard af­ter ca­reers at Our­Crowd and Cit­i­group In­vest­ment Bank­ing. On the oth­er hand, Co­hen — for­mer­ly the in­ter­im CEO of An­chi­ano Ther­a­peu­tics — comes along af­ter stints at Cas­tel Part­ners and Is­rael Seed Part­ners.

→ COM­PASS Path­ways has wel­comed Wayne Ri­ley to its board of di­rec­tors. Ri­ley is pres­i­dent of the State Uni­ver­si­ty of New York Down­state Health Sci­ences Uni­ver­si­ty, Brook­lyn and was pre­vi­ous­ly a di­rec­tor at Ver­tex.

Catharine Smith

→ The non-prof­it Ter­meer Foun­da­tion has brought on Catharine Smith as the or­ga­ni­za­tion’s ex­ec­u­tive di­rec­tor. Smith hails from the Clin­ton Foun­da­tion, where she serves as CEO, Clin­ton Health Mat­ters Ini­tia­tive. Pri­or to that, she held var­i­ous lead­er­ship roles at Har­vard Med­ical School.

→ San Fran­cis­co-based Bet­ter Ther­a­peu­tics has signed on An­drew Ar­mani­no and Ge­of­frey Park­er to its board of di­rec­tors. Ar­mani­no re­cent­ly re­tired as man­ag­ing part­ner and CEO at CPA firm Ar­mani­no. Mean­while, Park­er cur­rent­ly serves as COO, CFO and EVP of Tri­ci­da. Pre­vi­ous­ly, Park­er was CFO of Ana­cor Phar­ma­ceu­ti­cals and a man­ag­ing di­rec­tor at Gold­man Sachs.

→ Ma­ri­na Bozilenko has joined Acel­Rx’s board of di­rec­tors. Bozilenko, a Bear Stearns alum, is present­ly a strate­gic ad­vi­sor for William Blair af­ter 11 years as the in­vest­ment firm’s head of biotech & phar­ma and man­ag­ing di­rec­tor.

If Novartis learned one thing from its interaction with the FDA over its latest heart failure approval for Entresto, it was that missing a primary endpoint may not be the nail in the coffin. Now, Entresto has missed again on a late-stage study in high-risk heart patients, and it’s already sowing the seeds for a path forward regardless.

Novartis’ Entresto couldn’t best standard-of-care ramipril in staving off a composite of deaths and heart failure events in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and/or pulmonary congestion who have had a prior heart attack, according to topline data from the Phase III PARADISE-MI study revealed Saturday at the virtual American College of Cardiology meeting.

The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority is cooling its jets in looking for new, potential Covid-19 treatments, at least in the near term.

An HHS spokesperson told Endpoints News via email, “to date, BARDA has obligated more than $9 billion for the development and/or purchase of 13 therapeutics, beginning in February 2020 with support to develop Regeneron’s monoclonal antibody therapeutic. Therapeutics are an important element of the COVID-19 response, and we are focused on the programs currently underway and/or in negotiation using the funds available to us.”

Most CMOs don’t start out as art students. But after getting her bachelor’s in art history from Princeton University, Jennifer Wheler decided to go after an MD from Cornell, kicking off a decades-long career in biopharma. Her next move? Leading the team at Codiak BioSciences to deliver therapeutics using a form of cellular postal service called exosomes.

“I was captivated by the science and the potential for exosomes to have transformational impact in cancer and other disease areas,” the incoming CMO told Endpoints News via email. “Codiak has a potent combination of great science and wonderfully experienced and kind people — it doesn’t get much better.”

When Bristol Myers Squibb signed off on its $13 billion acquisition of MyoKardia back in October, it was making a big bet that lead drug mavacamten could prove a game changer in cardiac myopathy. Now, with the drug up for FDA review, Bristol Myers is backing up its case with new quality of life data.

Patients dosed with myosin inhibitor mavacamten posted a clinically significant increase in scores on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, a catch-all summary of symptoms and quality of life markers, over placebo at 30 weeks, according to data from the Phase III EXPLORER-HCM study presented Saturday at the virtual American College of Cardiology meeting.

With a blockbuster rare disease giant in its sights in Alexion’s Soliris, small biotech Apellis has reason to think its competitor is worthy of the spotlight. Now, with the FDA on its side, Apellis will get its chance to be the David to Alexion’s Goliath.

The FDA on Friday approved Empaveli (pegcetacoplan), a C3 complement inhibitor the biotech thinks can prove a worthy challenger to Alexion’s C5 inhibitors Soliris and follow-up drug Ultomiris in rare disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).